IMP QA&Concepts

Structural Testing:
A testing method where the test data is derivedsolely from the program structure.
Sanity Testing:
Brief test of major functional elements of a piece of software to determine if it is basically operational.
Scalability Testing:
Performance testing focused on ensuring the application under test gracefully handles increases in workload.
Security Testing:
Testing which confirms that the program can restrict access to authorized personnel and that the authorized personnel can access the functions available to their security level.
Smoke Testing:
A quick-and-dirty test that the major functions of a piece of software work. Originated in the hardware testing practice of turning on a new piece of hardware for the first time and considering it a success if it does not catch on fire.
Soak Testing:
Running a system at high load for a prolonged period of time. For example, running several times more transactions in an entire day (or night) than would be expected in a busy day, to identify and performance problems that appear after a large number of transactions have been executed.
Software Requirements Specification:
A deliverable that describes all data, functional and behavioral requirements, all constraints, and all validation requirements for software.
Software Testing:
A set of activities conducted with the intent of finding errors in software.
Static Analysis:
Analysis of a program carried out without executing the program.
Static Analyzer:
A tool that carries out static analysis.
Static Testing:
Analysis of a program carried out without executing the program.
Storage Testing:
Testing that verifies the program under test stores data files in the correct directories and that it reserves sufficient space to prevent unexpected termination resulting from lack of space. This is external storage as opposed to internal storage.
Stress Testing:
Testing conducted to evaluate a system or component at or beyond the limits of its specified requirements to determine the load under which it fails and how. Often this is performance testing using a very high level of simulated load.
Structural Testing:
Testing based on an analysis of internal workings and structure of a piece of software.
System Testing:
Testing that attempts to discover defects that are properties of the entire system rather than of its individual components.
Test Bed:
1) An environment that contains the integral hardware, instrumentation, simulators, software tools, and other support elements needed to conduct a test of a logically or physically separate component.
2) A suite of test programs used in conducting the test of a component or system.
Test Development:
The development of anything required to conduct testing. This may include test requirements (objectives), strategies, processes, plans, software, procedures, cases, documentation, etc.
Test Harness:
A software tool that enables the testing of softwarecomponents that links test capabilities to perform specific tests, accept program inputs, simulate missing components, compare actual outputs with expected outputs to determine correctness, and report discrepancies.
Testability:
The degree to which a system or component facilitates the establishment of test criteria and the performance of tests to determine whether those criteria have been met.
Testing: The process of exercising software to verify that it satisfies specified requirements and to detect errors. The process of analyzing a software item to detect the differences between existing and required conditions (that is, bugs), and to evaluate the features of the software item (Ref. IEEE Std 829). The process of operating a system or component under specified conditions, observing or recording the results, and making an evaluation of some aspect of the system or component.
Test Case:
Test Case is a commonly used term for a specific test. This is usually the smallest unit of testing. A Test Case will consist of information such as requirements testing, test steps, verification steps, prerequisites, outputs, test environment, etc. A set of inputs, execution preconditions, and expected outcomes developed for a particular objective, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement.
Test Driven Development:
Testing methodology associated with Agile Programming in which every chunk of code is covered by unit tests, which must all pass all the time, in an effort to eliminate unit-level and regression bugs during development. Practitioners of TDD write a lot of tests, i.e. an equal number of lines of test code to the size of the production code.
Test Driver:
A program or test tool used to execute tests. Also known as a Test Harness.
Test Environment:
The hardware and software environment in which tests will be run, and any other software with which the software under test interacts when under test including stubs and test drivers.
Test First Design:
Test-first design is one of the mandatory practices of Extreme Programming (XP). It requires that programmers do not write any production code until they have first written a unit test.
Test Plan:
A document describing the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of intended testing activities. It identifies test items, the features to be tested, the testing tasks, who will do each task, and any risks requiring contingency planning. Ref IEEE Std 829.
Test Procedure:
A document providing detailed instructions for the execution of one or more test cases.
Test Script:
Commonly used to refer to the instructions for a particular test that will be carried out by an automated test tool.
Test Specification:
A document specifying the test approach for a software feature or combination or features and the inputs, predicted results and execution conditions for the associated tests.
Test Suite:
A collection of tests used to validate the behavior of a product. The scope of a Test Suite varies from organization to organization. There may be several Test Suites for a particular product for example. In most cases however a Test Suite is a high level concept, grouping together hundreds or thousands of tests related by what they are intended to test.
Test Tools:
Computer programs used in the testing of a system, a component of the system, or its documentation.
Thread Testing:
A variation of top-down testing where the progressive integration of components follows the implementation of subsets of the requirements, as opposed to the integration of components by successively lower levels.
Top Down Testing:
An approach to integration testing where the component at the top of the component hierarchy is tested first, with lower level components being simulated by stubs. Tested components are then used to test lower level components. The process is repeated until the lowest level components have been tested.
Total Quality Management:
A company commitment to develop a process that achieves high quality product and customer satisfaction.
Traceability Matrix:
A document showing the relationship between Test Requirements and Test Cases.
Test Objective:
An identified set of software features to be measured under specified conditions by comparing actual behavior with the required behavior described in the software documentation.
Unit Testing:
The testing done to show whether a unit (the smallest piece of software that can be independently compiled or assembled, loaded, and tested) satisfies its functional specification or its implemented structure matches the intended design structure.
Usability Testing:
Testing the ease with which users can learn and use a product.
Use Case:
The specification of tests that are conducted from the end-user perspective. Use cases tend to focus on operating software as an end-user would conduct their day-to-day activities.
V- Diagram (model):
a diagram that visualizes the orderof testing activities and their corresponding phases of development
Verification:
The process of determining whether or not the products of a given phase of the software development cycle meet the implementation steps and can be traced to the incoming objectives established during the previous phase. The techniques for verification are testing, inspection and reviewing.
Volume Testing:
Testing which confirms that any values that may become large over time (such as accumulated counts, logs, and data files),can be accommodated by the program and will not cause the program to stop working or degrade its operation in any manner.
Validation:
The process of evaluating software to determine compliance with specified requirements.
Walkthrough:
Usually, a step-by-step simulation of the execution of a procedure, as when walking through code, line by line, with an imagined set of inputs. The term has been extended to the review of material that is not procedural, such as data descriptions, reference manuals, specifications, etc.
White-box Testing:
Testing approaches that examine the program structure and derive test data from the program logic. This is also known as clear box testing, glass-box or open-box testing. White box testing determines if program-code structure and logic is faulty. The test is accurate only if the tester knows what the program is supposed to do. He or she can then see if the program diverges from its intended goal. White box testing does not account for errors caused by omission, and all visible code must also be readable.
Workflow Testing:
Scripted end-to-end testing which duplicates specific workflows, which are expected to be utilized by the end-user.