Testing faq page 5

What is the difference between adhoc testing,monkey testing and exploratory testing?
Adhoc testing: This Kind of testing dosen't have a any process/test case/Test senarios defined/preplanned to do it.It involves simultaneous test design and test execution.
Monkey testing:-monkey testing is a testing that runs with no specific test in mind. The monkey in this case is the producer of any input data (whether that be file data, or input device data). Keep pressing some keys randomely and check whether the software fails or not.
Exploratory testing is simultaneous learning, test design and test execution.It is a type of adhoc testing, but here the tester does not have much idea about the application, he explores the system in an attempt to learn the application and simultaneously test it.

What is Negative Testing?
Testing the application for fail conditions,negative testing is testing the tool with improper inputs.for example entering the special characters for phone number

What is Testing Techniques?
Black Box and White Box are testing types and not testing techniques.
Testing techniques are as follows:-
The most popular Black box testing techniques are:-
Equivalence Partitioning. Boundary Value Analysis. Cause-Effect Graphing. Error-Guessing.
The White-Box testing techniques are: -
Statement coverage Decision coverage Condition coverage Decision-condition coverage Multiple condition coverage Basis Path Testing Loop testing Data flow testing

What is the difference between bug priority & bug severity?
Priority means how urgently bug is needed to fix Severity means how badly it harms the system Priority tells U how Important the bug is. Severity tells U how bad the bug is. Severity is constant....whereas priority might change according to schedule

What is defect density?
defect density = Total number of defects/LOC(lines of code)
Defect density = Total number of defects/Size of the projectSize of Project can be Function points, feature points,use cases, KLOC etc

What is the difference between testing and debugging?
Testing: Locating or Identifying Bugs
Debugging: Fixing the identified Bugs

What is CMM and CMMI?
CMM stands for Capability Maturity Model developed by the Software Engineering Institute(SEI). Before we delve into it, lets understand what is a software process.
A Software Process can be defined as set of activities, methods, practices and transformations that people employ to develop and maintain software and the associated products.
The underlying premise of software process management is that the quality of a software product is largely determined by the quality of the process used to develop and maintain it.
Continuous process improvement is based on many small, evolutionary steps.CMM organizes these steps into 5 maturity levels.Each maturity level comprises a set of process goals that, when satisfied , stabilize an important component of the software process.Organizing the goals into different levels helps the organization to prioritize their improvement actions. The five maturity levels are as follows.1.Initial - The Software Process is characterized as adhoc and occassionally even chaotic.Few processes are defined and success depends on individual effort and heroics.
2.Repeatable - Basic project management processes are established to track cost, schedule, and functionality. The necessary process discipline is in place to repeat earlier successes on projects with similar applications.
3.Defined - The software process for both management and engineering activities is documented, standardized, and integrated into a standard software process for the organization. All projects use an approved, tailored version of the organization's standard software process for developing and maintaining software.
4. Managed - Detailed measures of the software process and product quality are collected. Both the software process and products are quantitatively understood and controlled.
5. Optimizing - Continuous process improvement is enabled by quantitative feedback from the process and from piloting innovative ideas and technologies.

CMMI:In CMM(aka SW-CMM), the entire emphasis is on the software practices.But Software is becoming such a large factor in the systems that are being built today that it is virtually impossible to logically separate the two disciplines.SEI redirected its effort toward the integration of system and software practices and thus born cMMI which stands for Capability Maturity Model Integration.You can find on more info on http://www.sei.cmu.edu/cmmi/

What is six sigma?
Six Sigma stands for Six Standard Deviations from mean. Initially defined as a metric for measuring defects and improving quality, a methodology to reduce defect levels below 3.4 Defects Per one Million Opportunities.
Six Sigma incorporates the basic principles and techniques used in Business, Statistics, and Engineering. These three form the core elements of Six Sigma. Six Sigma improves the process performance, decreases variation and maintains consistent quality of the process output. This leads to defect reduction and improvement in profits, product quality and customer satisfaction.
Six Sigma experts (Green Belts and Black Belts) evaluate a business process and determine ways to improve upon the existing process.